SIEGE Research Report

The ghost network inside your enterprise.

Shadow IT is the breach you already have and haven’t found yet. It doesn’t show up in your asset inventory. It was never approved. And all of it is part of your attack surface.

RIGHT NOW

An employee is uploading a customer contract to a personal ChatGPT account to “summarize it faster.”

RIGHT NOW

A sales rep is running the real pipeline in a spreadsheet on personal Google Drive because the CRM is “too slow.”

18 MONTHS AGO

A developer spun up an S3 bucket for a proof of concept that never got decommissioned. It is still public.

THE SCALE

Not a productivity footnote. The primary way you get breached.

75%

of employees will acquire, modify, or create technology outside IT’s visibility by 2027

Gartner
$4.63M

average cost of a breach involving unauthorized AI tools, a $670K premium over the norm

IBM / Ponemon
42%

of applications inside a typical company are shadow IT, invisible to security review

Productiv
THE ANATOMY

Five surfaces. One blind spot.

01

Shadow SaaS

Apps bought with a credit card. No procurement, no security review.

02

Shadow Data

Sensitive data drifted into forgotten buckets and personal drives.

03

Shadow Accounts

Logins, API keys, and OAuth grants nobody governs or revokes.

04

Shadow Devices

Personal hardware on corporate resources, unmanaged.

05

Shadow AI

Unsanctioned AI tools and agents processing corporate data. The fastest-growing surface.

THE FORCING FUNCTION

For the Defense Industrial Base, this stops being optional.

CMMC Phase 2Nov 10, 2026

Mandatory third-party certification for contractors handling CUI, and you cannot certify what you cannot inventory. CUI ends up exactly where shadow IT lives: personal drives, unsanctioned tools, AI assistants. An unmapped shadow footprint is a near-certain day-one assessment failure, with fewer than 100 assessors serving ~80,000 companies and wait times already at 18+ months.

WHAT ACTUALLY WORKS

Three moves. In this order.

01

Discover before you govern

You cannot secure what you don’t know exists. Run real technical discovery: traffic analysis, SSO/OAuth logs, expense audits, browser extensions, cloud APIs. Not a policy memo and a survey.

02

Close the access-control gap

97% of AI-related breaches involved systems lacking proper access controls. This is the single highest-leverage fix available, achievable in weeks, not quarters.

03

Replace, don’t just ban

Nearly half of employees keep using personal AI accounts after a ban. A sanctioned alternative cut unauthorized AI use by 89%. Give people a better tool, not a memo.

SIEGE RESEARCH REPORT · EXPOSUREGAP.NET

The Ghost Network: the full report

The depth behind this page: the 2030 market trajectory, the full IBM/Ponemon breach economics, the Okta, Samsung, and McKinsey case studies, the complete six-step governance sequence, and every named source. Ready to share with your board or your security team.

Full research report · No email required

Could you produce a complete inventory of every app, AI tool, and data flow touching sensitive information, accurately, in 48 hours? If the answer is “we’re not sure,” that uncertainty is the exposure.

SIEGE helps organizations across the Defense Industrial Base and regulated industries find what’s actually in their environment, before an assessor, an attacker, or a plaintiff’s attorney does.